Di Gaetano et al. (2008)

From Haplowiki

Di Gaetano et al. (2008),

Differential Greek and northern African migrations to Sicily are supported by genetic evidence from the Y chromosome

European Journal of Human Genetics (2009) 17, 91–99; doi:10.1038/ejhg.2008.120; published online 6 August 2008 http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v17/n1/full/ejhg2008120a.html

Authors

• Cornelia Di Gaetano 1,10,
• Nicoletta Cerutti 1,10,
• Francesca Crobu 1,11,
• Carlo Robino 2,
• Serena Inturri 2,
• Sarah Gino 2,
• Simonetta Guarrera 3,
• Peter A Underhill 4,
• Roy J King 5,
• Valentino Romano 6,
• Francesco Cali 7,
• Mauro Gasparini 8,
• Giuseppe Matullo 1,3,
• Alfredo Salerno 9,
• Carlo Torre 2
• Alberto Piazza 1

Associations

• 1. Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
• 2. Department of Anatomy, Pharmacology and Legal Medicine, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
• 3. ISI Foundation, Turin, Italy
• 4. Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
• 5. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
• 6. Dipartimento di Oncologia Sperimentale e Applicazioni Cliniche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
• 7. Laboratorio di Genetica Molecolare, Istituto per la Ricerca sul Ritardo Mentale e l'Involuzione Cerebrale, Associazione Oasi Maria SS, Troina, Italy
• 8. Department of Mathematics, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy
• 9. Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Metodologie Biomediche, Universita di Palermo, Palermo, Italy

Correspondence: Dr C Di Gaetano, Department of Genetics, Biology and Biochemistry, University of Turin, via Santena 19, Turin 10126, Italy. Tel: +39 011 670 5614; Fax: +39 011 670 5668; E-mail: cornelia.digaetano@unito.it

• 10. These authors have equally contributed to this work
• 11. Current address: INN-CNR, Cittadella Universitaria di Cagliari, SS 554 km 4500 bivio per Sestu, Monserrato (CA) 09042, Italy

Received 20 December 2007; Revised 2 May 2008; Accepted 29 May 2008; Published online 6 August 2008.

Abstract

The presence or absence of genetic heterogeneity in Sicily has long been debated. Through the analysis of the variation of Y-chromosome lineages, using the combination of haplogroups and short tandem repeats from several areas of Sicily, we show that traces of genetic flows occurred in the island, due to ancient Greek colonization and to northern African contributions, are still visible on the basis of the distribution of some lineages. The genetic contribution of Greek chromosomes to the Sicilian gene pool is estimated to be about 37% whereas the contribution of North African populations is estimated to be around 6%.

In particular, the presence of a modal haplotype coming from the southern Balkan Peninsula and of its one-step derivates associated to E3b1a2-V13, supports a common genetic heritage between Sicilians and Greeks. The estimate of Time to Most Recent Common Ancestor is about 2380 years before present, which broadly agrees with the archaeological traces of the Greek classic era. The Eastern and Western part of Sicily appear to be significantly different by the chi2-analysis, although the extent of such differentiation is not very high according to an analysis of molecular variance. The presence of a high number of different haplogroups in the island makes its gene diversity to reach about 0.9. The general heterogeneous composition of haplogroups in our Sicilian data is similar to the patterns observed in other major islands of the Mediterranean, reflecting the complex histories of settlements in Sicily.

Data

Population	Haplogroup defining marker	DYS393	DYS390	DYS19	DYS391	DYS385a	DYS385b	DYS439	DYS389I	DYS392	DYS389II	DYS460
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	V12	13	22	13	10	15	16	11	13	11	30	11
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	V12	13	23	13	10	15	16	12	12	11	29	11
West Sicily Caccamo	V12	13	23	13	10	17	18	12	13	11	30	11
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	V13	13	24	13	10	18	18		14	11	31	9
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	V13	12	24	13	10	15	19	12	14	11	31	9
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	V13	13	24	13	10	16	19	13	13	11	30	9
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	V13	13	24	13	10	16	19	12	14	11	31	9
East Sicily Troina	V13	13	24	13	10	16	19	14	13	11	30	9
East Sicily Troina	V13	13	24	13	10	17	18	10	13	11	30	9
West Sicily Piazza Armerina	V13	13	24	13	10	16	18	12	13	11	31	9
West Sicily Caccamo	V13	13	24	13	11	16	18	12	13	11	30	9
West Sicily Piazza Armerina	V13	13	25	13	10	16	18	12	13	11	30	9
West Sicily Piazza Armerina	V13	13	24	13	10	16	18	12	14	11	31	9
West Sicily Piazza Armerina	V13	13	23	13	10	16	17	12	13	11	30	9
West Sicily Piazza Armerina	V13	13	23	13	10	16	19	11	13	11	31	9
West Sicily Piazza Armerina	V13	13	23	13	10	15	18	12	13	11	30	9
West Sicily Piazza Armerina	V13	13	24	13	10	16	19	11	13	11	30	9
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	V22	13	23	14	10	17	18	13	12	11	29	12
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	V22	13	23	14	10	17	18	13	12	11	29	12
East Sicily Troina	V22	13	24	14	10	18	19	12	13	11	30	11
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	V22	13	25	14	10	19	19	11	14	11	31	10
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	V22	13	24	14	10	18	19	11	13	11	30	11
East Sicily Troina	V22	13	23	14	11	18	18	11	13	11	30	11
West Sicily Caccamo	V22	13	24	14	10	16	19	11	13	11	29	11
West Sicily Piazza Armerina	V22	12	25	13	10	17	18	11	12	11	29	10
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	V65	13	23	13	10	17	19	10	12	11	29	10
East Sicily Troina	V65	13	23	14	11	18	18	11	13	11	30
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	M81	13	23	13	9	13	13	10	14	11	30
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	M81	13	23	13	9	13	13	10	14	11	30
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	M81	13	24	13	9	13	14		14	11	30
West Sicily Caccamo	M81	13	24	13	9	13	14	10	14	11	31
West Sicily Piazza Armerina	M81	13	24	13	9	13	14	12	13	11	29
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	M123	13	23	13	10	16	17	12	12	11	30
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	M123	13	24	13	10	17	17		14	11	33
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	M123	15	23	13	10	17	17	11	13	11	32
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	M123	13	25	13	10	16	17		12	11	29
East Sicily Piazza Armerina	M123	14	24	13	9	16	17		13	11	30
East Sicily Troina	M123	13	24	13	10	16	16	12	14	11	33
East Sicily Troina	M123	13	25	13	10	16	16	14	14	11	33
East Sicily Troina	M123	13	25	13	10	16	17		14	11	33
West Sicily Caccamo	M123	13	25	13	10	16	18	13	14	11	32
West Sicily Caccamo	M123	14	25	13	9	15	15	12	13	11	31
West Sicily Piazza Armerina	M123	13	25	13	10	16	18	11	13	11	31