E-M78*
From Haplowiki
E-M78* is a Y chromosome haplogroup referring to any lineage E-M78 which has not yet been classified by a defining mutation more recent than M78.
It is therefore a "paragroup", as shown by the "*". In practice a paragroup might be one clade, "waiting" for its UEP to be discovered, or it might contain many clades.
There is some inconsistency and confusion concerning the correct use of the paragroup "star" (*). When reading journal articles and other sources care should be taken to ensure whether any or all possible sub-clades have been tested for and found to be negative. (A true paragroup should have been tested for all possible UEPs and found negative before it should have a star.)
It's phylogenetic name according to the E haplogroup page on ISOGG's website is E1b1b1a*.
Only a few papers have typed for the sub-clades of M78, so not much has been published about it's distribution despite Battaglia et al. (2008) implying otherwise.
- Battaglia et al. (2008) found two Albanians who were E-M78*, and one Greek who was in E-M521, a clade which no other paper has yet tested for.
- Hassan et al. (2008) found one Masalit and one Nuba in Sudan, but they did not test for M521.
- Di Gaetano et al. (2008) found no examples of M78 in Sicily apart from the ones in E-V12, E-V13, E-V22, and E-V65.
- The main source is Cruciani et al. (2004, 2007). They found one Sardinian out of 374, 2/55 Morrocan Arabs, and 2/34 in the Gurna Oasis in Egypt. They did not test for M521.
The E-M35 phylogeny project has 3 known examples, one with English ancestry, one Danish ancestry, and one with Hungarian ancestry.
