Shlush et al. (2008)

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Shlush et al. (2008)

"The Druze: A Population Genetic Refugium of the Near East"

PLoS ONE 3 (5): e2105, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0002105

http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0002105

Authors

Liran I. Shlush1, Doron M. Behar2, Guennady Yudkovsky1, Alan Templeton3, Yarin Hadid1, Fuad Basis4, Michael Hammer5, Shalev Itzkovitz6, Karl Skorecki1,2*

1 Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine and Research Institute, Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, 2 Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, 3 Faculties of Biology and Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America, 4 Department of Emergency Medicine, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel, 5 Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, United States of America, 6 Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel

Editor: Neil John Gemmell, University of Canterbury, New Zealand

Received: August 31, 2007; Accepted: March 20, 2008; Published: May 7, 2008

Funding: Israel Science Foundation, Canadian and American Technion Societies

Abstract

Background

Phylogenetic mitochondrial DNA haplogroups are highly partitioned across global geographic regions. A unique exception is the X haplogroup, which has a widespread global distribution without major regions of distinct localization.

Principal Findings

We have examined mitochondrial DNA sequence variation together with Y-chromosome-based haplogroup structure among the Druze, a religious minority with a unique socio-demographic history residing in the Near East. We observed a striking overall pattern of heterogeneous parental origins, consistent with Druze oral tradition, together with both a high frequency and a high diversity of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) X haplogroup within a confined regional subpopulation. Furthermore demographic modeling indicated low migration rates with nearby populations.

Conclusions

These findings were enabled through the use of a paternal kindred based sampling approach, and suggest that the Galilee Druze represent a population isolate, and that the combination of a high frequency and diversity of the mtDNA X haplogroup signifies a phylogenetic refugium, providing a sample snapshot of the genetic landscape of the Near East prior to the modern age.

Data

The study seems to have Y haplogroup 277 men to some level, of whom they report:-

E-M2 1 person (0.36%)
E-M35 52 people (18.77%) made up of
E-M123 16 people (5.78%)
Other E-M35 36 people (13%)

They reported haplogroups as follows:

Haplogroup	Carmel	Galilee	Golan	Lebanon	Syria

C	0	0	0.04	0	0
E	0.15	0.18	0.29	0	0.29
G	0.12	0.14	0.04	0	0.14
I	0	0	0.08	0	0
J	0.18	0.31	0.54	0.58	0.39
K	0	0.11	0	0.17	0.04
L	0.27	0.02	0	0.08	0
Q	0	0.04	0	0.08	0
R	0.27	0.2	0	0.08	0.14

YSTR haplotypes

Serial #	Maternal Origion	Haplogrop Mt	Haplogroup Y	DYS393	DYS390	DYS19	DYS391	DYS426	DYS388	DYS439	DYS389I	DYS392	DYS389II	DYS438	DYS457
11	Beit Jaan 1	H	E-M35	13	23	13	10	11	12	16	13	11	31	10	14
12	Beit Jaan 1	H	E-M35	14	23	14	10	11	13	16	11	11	28	10	14
22	Daliyat al-Karmel 2	H	E-M35	14	24	15	11	11	12	15	13	11	30	10	14
23	Daliyat al-Karmel 2	H	E-M35	13	24	13	10	11	12	17	13	11	30	10	14
24	Daliyat al-Karmel 2	H	E-M35	13	24	13	10	11	12	17	13	11	30	10	14
51	Mughar 1	H	E-M35	13	24	11	11	11	12	15	13	12	30	12	14
52	Mughar 1	H	E-M35	13	24	11	10	11	12	15	13	12	30	12	14
59	Mughar 1	H	E-M35	13	24	11	10	11	12	15	13	12	30	12	14
73	Sajur 1	H	E-M35	13	24	13	10	11	12	17	13	11	30	10	14
80	Sumei 1	H	E-M35	14	23	14	10	11	13	16	11	11	28	10	14
81	Syria 5	H	E-M35	13	25	14	11	11	12	16	12	11	29	10	14
95	Yanuh 1	H	E-M35	13	24	13	9	11	12	14	14	11	30	10	14
96	Yanuh 1	H	E-M35	13	24	13	9	11	12	14	14	11	30	10	14
104	Hurfeish 1	HV	E-M35	14	23	14	10	11	13	16	11	11	28	10	14
105	Hurfeish 1	HV	E-M35	14	23	14	10	11	13	16	11	11	28	10	14
110	Majdal Shams 3	HV	E-M35	13	23	14	10	11	12	16	13	11	31	10	14
114	Yirka 1	HV	E-M35	13	23	13	10	11	12	17	13	11	31	10	14
130	Majdal Shams 3	J	E-M35	14	23	14	10	11	13	17	11	11	28	10	14
137	Syria 5-kunetra	J	E-M35	13	24	13	10	11	12	16	12	11	29	10	14
141	Beit Jaan 1	K	E-M35	13	23	13	10	11	12	16	13	11	31	10	14
143	Beit Jaan 1	K	E-M35	13	23	13	10	11	12	16	13	11	31	10	14
146	Daliyat al-Karmel 2	K	E-M35	13	24	13	10	11	12	17	13	11	30	10	14
154	Hurfeish 1	K	E-M35	14	23	14	10	11	13	17	11	11	28	10	14
161	Lebanon 4	K	E-M35	14	24	13	9	11	12	14	14	11	30	10	14
166	Peq’in 1	K	E-M35	14	23	14	10	11	13	15	11	11	28	10	14
177	Isifya 2	K	E-M35	14	23	14	10	11	13	16	11	11	28	10	14
185	Mughar 1	L2a3	E-M35	13	25	14	11	11	12	16	12	11	30	10	14
196	Mughar 1	N1B	E-M35	13	24	14	11	11	12	16	13	11	30	10	14
206	Mughar 1	preHV	E-M35	13	23	13	10	11	12	16	13	11	31	10	14
208	Yanuh 1	preHV	E-M35	13	24	13	9	11	12	14	14	11	30	10	14
213	Beit Jaan 1	T	E-M35	13	23	13	10	11	12	16	13	11	31	10	14
260	Sumei 1	U	E-M35	14	23	13	9	11	12	14	14	11	30	10	14
262	Syria 5-swieda	U	E-M35	13	25	14	11	11	12	16	12	11	29	10	14
282	Hurfeish 1	X	E-M35	14	23	14	10	11	13	16	11	11	28	10	14
298	Mughar 1	X	E-M35	13	24	11	10	11	12	15	13	12	30	12	14
304	Peq’in 1	X	E-M35	14	23	14	11	11	13	15	11	11	28	10	14
133	Peq’in 1	J	E-M2	14	21	16	10	11	12	16	13	11	30	11	14
13	Beq’ata 3	H	E-M123	13	24	13	10	11	12	16	13	11	31	10	14
15	Beq’ata 3	H	E-M123	13	24	13	10	11	12	16	13	11	31	10	14
68	Rame 1	H	E-M123	13	24	13	10	11	12	17	13	11	31	10	14
89	Syria 5-urman	H	E-M123	14	24	14	10	11	12	16	14	11	32	10	14
91	Isifya 2	H	E-M123	13	24	13	10	11	12	16	13	11	32	10	14
100	Beq’ata 3	HV	E-M123	13	24	13	10	11	12	16	13	11	31	10	14
103	Hurfeish 1	HV	E-M123	14	23	15	10	11	12	15	13	11	30	11	14
116	Beit Jaan 1	I	E-M123	13	24	15	10	11	12	17	13	11	30	10	14
117	Beq’ata 3	I	E-M123	13	24	13	10	11	12	16	13	11	31	10	14
125	Yirka 1	I	E-M123	14	24	12	10	11	12	16	14	11	32	10	14
178	Yirka 1	K	E-M123	14	24	12	10	11	12	16	14	11	32	10	14
202	Hurfeish 1	preHV	E-M123	13	24	13	10	11	12	17	13	11	31	10	14
223	Majdal Shams 3	T	E-M123	14	24	12	10	11	12	16	14	11	32	10	14
234	Isifya 2	T	E-M123	13	24	13	10	11	12	16	13	11	32	10	14
241	Beq’ata 3	U	E-M123	13	24	13	10	11	12	17	13	11	31	10	14
247	Lebanon 4-mimas	U	E-M123	13	24	13	10	11	12	17	13	11	31	10	14

Shlush et al. (2008)

From Haplowiki

Contents

Authors

Abstract

Background

Principal Findings

Conclusions

Data

YSTR haplotypes

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