V12

From Haplowiki

V12 is the name of a mutation on the Y chromosome.

It is used as a UEP to identify the Y chromosomal clade named "E-V12", or, in phylogenetic terms "E1b1b1a1".

There will probably be significantly more information posted at the article named "E-V12". This article is only about the mutation.

According to Cruciani et al. (2007), E-V12 likely originated in North Africa, in the area of Libya and Egypt, and it appears to have split from the others first around 13.7-15.2 kya (see Cruciani et al. (2007) data table, and Figure 1).

E-V12* lineages were formerly included (along with many E-V22* lineages in Cruciani et al.'s original (2004) "delta cluster", which he had defined using DYS profiles...

"E-V22 and E-V12* chromosomes are intermingled and not clearly differentiated by their microsatellite haplotypes".

In Cruciani et al. (2007) the same authors show that a branch of E-V13 found amongst the Druze Arabs is also in the delta cluster. (Contrast the data tables of Cruciani et al. (2007) and Cruciani et al. (2004).)

Contents 1 Sub-clades 1.1 Undifferentiated E-V12* lineages 1.2 Sub Clades of E1b1b1a1 (E-V12) differentiated by a UEP 2 STR Haplotypes

Sub-clades

Undifferentiated E-V12* lineages

Lineages which are E-V12, but not E-V32 or E-M224, so therefore named "E-V12*" are found at especially high levels (44.3%) in Southern Egyptians, but also scattered widely in small amounts in both Northern Africa and Europe, but with very little sign in Western Asia, apart from Turkey Cruciani et al. (2007).

With the discovery of the defining SNP, Cruciani et al. (2007) reported that V-12* was found in its highest concentrations in Egypt, especially Southern Egypt. Hassan et al. (2008) report a significant presence of E-V12* in neighboring Sudan, including 5/39 Nubians, and 5/33 Copts.

E-V12* made up approximately 20% of the Sudanese E-M78. They propose that the E-V12 and E-V22 sub-clades of E1b1b1a (E-M78) might have been brought to Sudan from their place of origin in North Africa after the progressive desertification of the Sahara around 6,000–8,000 years ago. Sudden climate change might have forced several Neolithic cultures/people to migrate northward to the Mediterranean and southward to the Sahel and the Nile Valley Hassan et al. (2008).

The E-V12* paragroup is also observed in Europe (e.g. amongst French Basques) and Eastern Anatolia (e.g. Erzurum Turks)(Cruciani et al. (2007)).

Sub Clades of E1b1b1a1 (E-V12) differentiated by a UEP

• E1b1b1a1a (E-M224). It has been found in Israel among Yemeni population (5%) and appears to be a minor subclade. Its discovery was announced in Underhill et al. (2001) and Cruciani et al. (2004) found 1 Yemeni exemplar. Cruciani et al. (2006) called M224 "rare and rather uninformative". Cruciani et al. also found no exemplars in their 2007 study.

• E1b1b1a1b (E-V32). See seperate article: E-V32.

STR Haplotypes

The STR data from Cruciani et al. (2007) concerning E-V12 can be summarized as follows...

Haplotype	description	YCAIIa	YCAIIb	DYS413a	DYS413b	DYS19	DYS391	DYS393	DYS439	DYS460	DYS461	A10
E-V12*	modal	19	22	22	22	13	10	13	11	11	9	13
	min	18	21	20	21	11	10	12	11	8	8	11
	max	19	22	22	23	15	12	14	13	12	10	14
	number	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40	40
E-V32	modal	19	21	22	23	11	10	13	12	10	10	13
	min	19	19	20	21	11	9	12	11	9	10	11
	max	20	22	22	24	11	11	13	13	12	11	14
	number	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35	35
All E-V12	modal	19	22	22	23	11	10	13	11	11	10	13
	min	18	19	20	21	11	9	12	11	8	8	11
	max	20	22	22	24	15	12	14	13	12	11	14
	number	75	75	75	75	75	75	75	75	75	75	75